Non Communicable Diseases

Non communicable diseases are not communicate from one person to another. There have many types of non communicable diseases we found as

1. Diabetes
2. Hypertension
3. Cancer

Diabetes:
The lack of Pancreas and pituitary is the main cause of Diabetes.

Types of Diabetes:

• Diabetes mellitus
• Diabetes Inspidous

Diabetes Mellitus:
It occurs due to lack of Insulin. Mainly people are suffer with diabetes mellitus than to inspidous.
There are three types of diabetes mellitus as :

1. IDDM (Insulin Dependent diabetes Mellitus)
2. NIDDM (Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)
3. Malnutrition related

Diabetes inspidous:

This types of disease is occur due to lack of ADH(Anti Diuretic Hormone)
Definition:
It is a chronic metabolic disorder which occurs due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin resulting polyurea, polydisia and polyphagia.

Symptoms:

Delay healing in wounds

Skin eruption

Prevention & control:

• Primordial Prevention
• Primary prevention
• Secondary prevention
• Tertiary prevention

Primordial and primary prevention:

• Lifestyle change
• Maintenance of body weight
• Daily exercise
• Avoid sugar

Secondary prevention:

• The steps which are taken after the occurrence of a disease as:
• Maintain Blood glucose level
• Maintain ideal body weight
• Maintain the diet
• Anti diabetic drugs must be taken
• Regular check-up of kidney, BP, eyes etc

Tertiary prevention:

• The steps which has been taken after completion of any diseases or after iceberg or any disease.
• Regularly consult the Doctor
• Regular Check-up

Hypertension
High Blood pressure is the cause of Hypertension.
Hypertension is a chronic condition which effect heart, brain and blood vessels.
Blood supply by the heart to the different part of the body. It acts as a pumping machine.
It is a very difficult to define hypertension because its differ from person to person according to his age.
Generally when the pressure exerted by Blood towards the vessels wall called Blood Pressure.
The normal BP is about 120/80 mm. When the pressure is highly exerted by blood it called Hypertension.

Stages of Hypertension:
1st stage - No change
2nd stage – It effect heart, eye and artery
3rd stage – Signs and symptoms are appear

Others as:

• Cardiac failure
• pain in Heart
• Brain stroke
• Bleeding inside the eyes
• Renal failure

Prevention & control of Hypertension:

• Primordial Prevention
• Primary prevention
• Secondary prevention
• Tertiary prevention

Primordial Prevention:

• Free from stress
• Avoid alcohol
• Take nutritious food
• Morning exercise, yoga

Primary prevention:

• Population strategy
• Hygysk strategy

Population strategy:

Use nutritious food, Maintenance of body weight, free from stress, yoga and morning exercise

Higysk strategy:
Identification of the problem, regular health check-up, health education about the complication

Secondary prevention:

• Regular health check-up
• Diet control
• Morning walk
• Reduction of salt

Tertiary prevention:
There have no tertiary prevention for hypertension because after the completion of disease the patient will suffer with cardiac, renal damage or brain stroke.
Cancer:
Cancer is a irregular and irreversible proliferation (Growth) of cell. Cancer may be regarded as a group of diseases characterized by Abnormal growth of cell. adjacent tissues

Causes of Cancer:

• Environmental factor
• Genetic factor

Environmental factor:

1. Occupational exposer
Exposer to heat, light, cold, chemical, chromium, dust etc.
2. Virus exposer
Hepatitis B & C virus
HIV & CMV Virus
3. Habit & lifestyle
Alcohol(Liver cancer)
Tobacco (it causes lung cancer, mouth & kidney cancer)
4. Dietary factor:
Fish (stomach cancer)
Beef (cancer in Intestine)
Genetic factor:
The genetic factor effected Minimum 10% of people. Rest 80-90% people suffered with cancer due to environment.

Prevention & control:

Primodial prevention:

• Early diagnosis and treatment
• Control of tobacco and alcohol
• Occupational exposer

Primary prevention:

• Loss of appetites
• Weight loss
• Bleeding from different part of the body

Secondary prevention:

• Regular check-up
• Hospital admission
• Cancer registration

Tertiary prevention:

There have no tertiary prevention for cancer. The last stage of cancer leads to Death.